Nuova specie di polpi giganti

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Grazie a una scoperta fatta vicina all’Alaska, si è capito che si era sempre scambiata per una specie conosciuta una specie che invece non lo era

Sembra strano pensare che è già da un po’ che abbiamo a che fare con una specie di polpi senza capire che lo sia. Non ce lo si aspetta che si possa perdere un’intera specie di polpo gigante, eppure, vista la scoperta fatta di recente, questo è esattamente quello che è successo. È venuto fuori che il polpo gigante del Pacifico – ovvero il più grande polpo conosciuto del pianeta (pesa in media 50 Kg ed ha 5 metri di diametro) – è in realtà due specie diverse. Lo studente Nathan Hollenbeck dell’Alaska Pacific University (APU), ha guidato gli sforzi per scoprire che cos’era che veniva chiamato polpo gigante del Pacifico, anche perché erano decenni che gli scienziati si chiedevano se sotto quel nome si nascondessero più di una specie.

Già nel 2012, gli scienziati dell’APU e dello U.S. Geological Survey avevano scoperto un gruppo geneticamente distinto del polpo gigante, ma avevano raccolto solo piccoli campioni di tessuto dai tentacoli prima di rimandare le creature nell’oceano, quindi non erano sicuri se il gruppo fosse davvero differente dal principale.

Hollenbeck sperava di svelare l’enigma nella sua tesi di laurea e, in effetti, ha trovato alcune risposte nelle reti di pesca a strascico dei gamberetti, dove a volte si vedono i polpi. Non gli ci è voluto molto per capire che poteva identificare due tipi diversi di quella specie, lo ha fatto semplicemente guardando i cefalopodi: uno era un normale polipo gigante del Pacifico, mentre l’altro aveva una piccola protuberanza che gli correva lungo tutto il corpo, le ciglia sollevate e due chiazze bianche sulla testa invece dell’unica che avrebbe dovuto avere.

Hollenbeck ha tagliato piccoli pezzi dei tentacoli – e per evitare che in futuro i ricercatori dovessero utilizzare quella tecnica invasiva, ha raccolto DNA con un batuffolo di cotone. È stato il primo a confermare la nuova specie di polipo e anche il primo a provare il metodo di analisi meno invasivo su un polipo.

Questo articolo è stato letto 388 volte.

Alaska, nuova specie, polpi giganti

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